Pneumatic tire



Mmm H4, WER; 15d-mgm? D. wu. ww/Enma.

PNEUMATIC TIRE Filed Aug. 22, 1921 'Wwf CMT parental aan an naman it. werent; or unicaen, armatore, assmnon iro rnn wine conn-contrarreI for annoia, onto, a conrona'rron' or nmawann; i

application tied .hug-gust 2t, that. lterial llo. tattica.

Tavoli whom t muy concern:

Be -it known that l, DANIEL ll/l. lille-Iene, a subjectol the lling oit Great' Britain, residing at Chicago7 inthe county oit @ook t lmnd State ot lllinois, have invented certain new and useful improvements in Pneumatic Tires, oit which the t'ollowing Iis a lull7 clear, andcltat description. j. j lhe presentinvention is directed to imtov -provements in tires andhas tor its principal object the provision ot a tire which will not be subject :to the disadvantages ol the tires now in use. .A l Y -Pneumatictirecasings as now used usuttwfally comprisea-carcass and a covering therelor.i 'lhe carcass constitutesthe dexible load carrying and strain resisting structure. rl`he coveringon the other hand, merel serves asa protection for the carcass. he carat. casses used heretofore have generally been composed ot canvas, cord or other vegetable fiber, and hence are subject to rotting or otherdeterioration when in use. y ln all such tires, it is diilcult to secure a aalihrm bond or junction between the component parts ot they carcass proper and the rubber covering;- i't-istound that there is eventual separation,

e Vltnrious attempts have-been made to use ilenible wires in the .manuitacture oit tire' casings, butin all these proposed constructionef-f certain disadvantages' i have arisen which have made such tires uncommercial aagandunsatislactory. j

@ne objectfot the present invention is to vprovide a construction `in which vegetable tabriccsuch as cords or canvas may be entirelyeliniinatedtrom the .carcass and load jazcarryingstructure. ln lieu thereof l providea-carcass in ,which the internal air pressure is resisted wholly by derible metallic wires andthe rubber ot the body portion, saidgwires acting solely lto vtake the loads it land strains imposed upon the carcass when inuse. v Y V@their objects oitthe invention reside in the-provisionot a wire and rubber tire of such type that the whole willbc highly ilexi- =`=ble and one lthat will not be subject to interot. these parts alter the@ nal friction between adjacent load-carrying ,homogeneous mass of rubber and metallic` wires and one in which each wire may flex independently ol the other wires, vand inI which the Hering of the wires will be loi calized within there ion subjected to flexure. Utherwise state one object is to provide a tire having load-carrying wires in f which the minimum ot movementy is trans- 4rnitted trom wire-to wire or to any other portion ot the-body when. a certain part of the casing ora certain wire or wires is subject to lleaure. l l

llt may be pointed out that a tire made in accordance with my invention has no interlocking connections between adjacent wires nor are wires supplementary to canvas fabrics which have been used to torni the carcass. to a construction which provides tor complete freedom ot' movement ot the wires unimpeded by any connection with adjacent mentary reintorcing labric.

"lhe present invention is directed lw1res or by associated contacting supple- Uther objects and advantages ot my tire will be further set lorth in the accompanying speciiication and claims Iand shown in the drawings, which illustrate by way ot exremplitcation one embodiment of my invention. y, ln the drawings, v big. l shows a perspective sectional view et my tire with certain parts broken away j to show the interior construction.

Fig.. 2 is a side view of one form oit4 bead I showing the interlocking ot the load carryine' wires with the bea ig. 3 `shows a diagrammatic view ol a pair of rubber and wire stripswhich are used in'building up the tire.

lig. l shows a sectional view of a core or mandrel with one strip placed in posi.

lOO

tion and stitched down, and a second stripl being applied.

Broadly, the carcass which forms the subject matter of the present invention comprises a body portion of rubber having the usual beads at the edges. Within the rubber body portion are embedded suitable flexible metallic load carrying wires, preferably stranded, which extend preferably diagonally, from bead to bead. Each wire is independent, of the other and adjacent wires, and is separated therefrom by the rubber of the body portion. The wires are preferably disposed in one or more llayers with the wires of the different layers crossing each other, with' the rubber of the body portion disposed therebetween, so as to form an unwoven mesh in the completed tire. The spacing of the Wires is such that the intervening rubber cannot be stretched sufficiently to permit the air pressure to rupture the casing.

Inthe drawings, 10 designates the rubber body portion of the carcass, 11 the side walls, 12 the rim-engaging portions, and 13 the tread. Within the rubber rim engaging portions are the beads or equivalent parts 14. These` parts may be formed in a variety of-ways, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. In the present embodiment, for clearne of illustration, I have shown them as wire strands. It is needless to state that they ma be of hard rubber or may be made of a multiplicity of strands without departing from my invention. Anchored in any -sultablepmanner to the beads are the load carrying wires 16. The individual wires extend diagonally from bead to bead or at an angle thereto (see Fig. 1). In this figure the anchorage between the beads and load carr ing Wires is preferably formed by pol( ing over the latter so that they inter- Superimposed over the wires 16 and spaced therefrom by the rubber of the body portion 10 are similar wires 17. These wires are likewise anchored to the beads and are at an angle thereto. They form with the wires 16 a sort ofmesh, the interstices of which are of such size that the rubber body portion is suiciently strong to prevent undue stretching or rupture vthereof by the contained air. In practise a single or a plurality of layers of loadlcarryin wires may be employed. The spacing of t e wires will depend upon the air pressure, size of tire,

` number of layers of wire employed, thick- .present invention -to any' particular method ness and construction of inner tube, etc. v The Itire above described may be formed in a variety of ways, Aand I do not limit the of construction. However, in order to bring out clearly the structuralcharacteristics of the completed tire, one method of making the same will be herein set forth.

The tire may be built up upon the usual core or mandrel 20. A strip of plastic rubber 2l, preferably made of two united sheets with one layer of diagonally disposed load carrying wires disposed therebetween, is laid up upon the core and stitched down thereon in the usual way to conform to the configuration of the'corc. During the stitching down of the strip the load carrying wires may be displaced slightly in the plastic rubber materlal, approaching one another near the bead and increasing in their interval at the periphery, thus allowing the wires to assume -the varying curvature of the core. Upon the first strip mayrl be laid a second strip 22 of like material, but having the wires 17 dlsposed so as to cross the wires 16 of the other strip. This strip 22 is stitched down upon the other stri 21 forming a unitary rubber mass therewlth. Any desired number of strips may be thus applied. Thereafter the beads, which are preferably of metal, are placed in position. These beads 14, however, may be of hard rubber or any other material as commonly yused in bead construction. The bead portions of the casing may be of the straight side, clincher, or any other type as desired.

The edges of the strips are now bent about the beads, causing the ends of the wires 16 and 17 to interlock as shown in Fig. 2. The specific arrangement of beads and the particular method of joining the strips and wires thereto is immaterial. It is only essential that the load carrying wires may be anchored in some manner to the beads.

The next step in construction consists in the application of the side walls 11 and the tread 13, which may be effected in any suitable manner. Finally, the whole tire is vulcanized in any desired way.

lVhen it is desired to strengthen the rubber body portion of the carcass for any reason,:such as to pemit wider spacing of the wires, I may intimately mix with the plastic rubber during the. process of mi ling short lengths of cotton yarn, cotton waste, cotton wool, or like material. By using these short lengths of yarn the principle of my invention is not departed from, since when the tire is completed the yarn does not support the load and resist strains from bead to bead, but merely gives support as be-V tween adjacent wires, thereby decreasing the tendency of the rubber to rupture under internal air ressure at such points. This admixture. of) material with the rubber does not impair the elasticity of the rubber and the independent motion of the wires.

The finished tire comprises a carcass composed of a homogeneous mass of rubber from inside to outside. Embedded in the rubber are the load-carrying and strain resisting wires which extend obliquely from by the rubber ot the body portion.

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.ot my tained in space iaaaair bead to bead. and are anchored thereto. lll-Each wire is separated trom the other wires 'llhe wires themselves coacting with the rubber torni asstructure which itself is sudiciently strong to resist rupture due to the pressure oit thegcontainedair. The wires being independent ot each other, except at the bead portions, do not abrade or rub each other, nor do they impede the tree andl localized Hexing ot the tire when inuse.

'l`he tire when vulcanized is a homogeneous article, and there is no'teiidency tor a separation of any component parts thereof as with tires having a vegetable liber carcass and a rubber covering. 'lhere is no heating, and deterioration due to rotting is obviated. vll`he tire has bigb Hexibility and elticiency and long lite. Furthermore, the cost ollin making the same is lowv and tires may be built stronger to withstandhigher air pressures than heretofore without decreasing the tlexibility or eiliciency mate- 'rially 'lhis application is a continuation in part copending application Serial blo. 367,@87, bled March 19, i920.

l claim l, ln a pneumatic tire, a carcass having a rubber body portion including bead portions, spaced wires embedded therein extending trom bead to bead and being independent ot each other throughout theiri length except at the point ot fastening in the vbead portion, said rubber body portion and said wires in themselves sole constituting the means lor resisting the tendency oil the contained air to rupture the tire.

2.. ln a pneumatic tire, a carcass having a` rubber body portion, beads, and a plurality ot wiresy diagonally disposed :trom bead to bead and anchored thereto, each wire being independent ot each other and separated it'rom adjacent wires by the rubber ott the body portion, said wires Vthemselves constitutiilg the sole strain-resisting medium trom bead to bead. 3. ln a pneumatic tire, a strain-resisting carcass adapted to assume all the loads and strains trom bead to bead and comprising a rubber body portion, beads, and a plurality nl layers oit independent wires 'extending diagonally t'o-and anchored to said beads, the wires ol oneplayer being oppositely disposed relatively tothe wires ol the other layer, the layers thereby torming a mesh, said wires being all separated trom each other by the rubber ot the bod portion and being mainrelation thereby when the tire isvulcaniaed.

ln a pneumatic tire, a carcass having a :rubber body portion, beads, and a. plurality uli wires anchored to the beads, said wires being disposed in a plurality ot layers, each individual 'wire being separated trom the adjacent wires of the same and other layers by the rubber ot the body portion, whereby said wires may dexl independently with-v outheating or abrading the other wires, said wires themselves solely Aconstituting the .meansdor resisting strains trom bead to bead.

which the wires and the rubber ot the body portion solely constitute the means for resisting the tendencyl ot the contained air to rupture the casing.

6. lin a pneumatic tire, a carcass comprised solely of rubber with wires and beads embedded therein, said wires extending diagonally to and individually anchored to" the beads, each wire floating in rubber and being separated from the other wires by said rubber, whereby each wire may move independently ot' the other wires and where- 5. 'lhe invention set ii'orth claim'd in by each wire may'. Vmove within the rubber i without impartin triction to or heating the other wires, said wires and rubber being table load carrying members, said carcass comprising a rubber body portion having beads and having wire elements embedded therein, said elements comprising a. plurality oit independent wires each separated by titl! rubber and disposed diagonally to the bes and anchored thereto, and a second plurality ot wires disposed abovethe tirst mentioned wires and crossing the saine to torni a mesh, said mesh having the interstices thereof tilled with rubber` and being oit such siae as to prevent the blowing out ot the tire under the pressure ot the contained air, each ot the aforesaid wires doating in the rubber ot the body portion so as to be movldd lith

able therein independently ot' all ot the.'

other wires therein.

8. it pneumatic casing comprising a carcass and rubber tread and side-wall portions, said carcass having beads and a plurality oli" independent wires and a rubber body portion united homogeneously with the rubber tread and side-wall portions, said wires extending trom bead to bead and anllillt chored thereto, said wires being independent of and separated trom each other throughout their length except at the beads by the rubber ot the carcass body portion, and said i wires being adapted to in themselves assume the entire strain trom bead to bead.

9. il pneumatic tire' casing comprising rubber tread and side-wall portions, and a carcass having a rubber body portion lio-inogenously united with the rubber tread and side wall portions to form an integral and unitary whole, said carcass also having beadsand a plurality oit layers ot wires anmit lldtl Lach other whereby they may freely fex independently of each other without abrading or heating, said Wires themselvesconstituting the sole means for resisting,Y the strains transmitted to the bead portions of ln the casing.

In testimony whereof I hereto ufiix my signature.

DANIEL M. WEIGE L. 

